SelSubShld

This subassembly inserts a paved shoulder with all pavement, base, and select subbase layers per WisDOT FDM 11-5-15. In addition, Base Course Type 2 material input determines whether the optional 3" of ¾" Aggregate are placed on the foreslope of the shoulder, from the bottom of Base Layer Type 1 to the subgrade shoulder point as shown in WisDOT FDM 14-5-01.

 

Widths, depths, and aggregate types

The shoulder is inserted using widths and depth parameters provided. The Total Top Shoulder Width parameter must be greater than or equal to Paved Shoulder Width value. If the input for Total Shoulder Width is less than the input for Paved Shoulder Width, than the Total Shoulder Width input value will be set equal to the Paved Shoulder Width value.

Various base course layer depths can be defined however the Pavement Depth of Adjacent Lane and the Depth to Select Subbase must both be non-zero.The Depth to Select Subbase value defines the depth to the bottom of the lowest base course layer.

All base course depths are measured vertically downward from the Attachment Point. The Depth of Base Layer Type 1 is defined by the Pavement Depth of Adjacent Lane input and this depth cannot be 0. When a Base Depth for 1 ¼" Base is less than the Pavement Depth of Adjacent Lane, then the Base Depth for 1 ¼" Base will be set equal to 0.

When Base Depth for Base Layer Type 2 is less than Base Depth for 1 ¼" Base or less than Pavement Depth of Adjacent Lane, then the Base Depth for Base Layer Type 2 will be set equal to 0. In addition, when Base Depth for Base Layer Type 2 is not 0, the material of this base layer must be specified. If Base Depth for Base Layer Type 2 is not 0 AND the material type of Base Layer Type 2 is set to 3" Aggregate, then a link is inserted parallel to the foreslope of the shoulder link at a distance of 3" below the foreslope link,( i.e. the thickness of aggregate is 3"). This parallel link extends from the bottom of Base Course Layer 1 to the Bottom of Base Course Layer 2. Links defining the bottom of both the 1 ¼" Base Layer and the Base Layer type 2 extend to the intersection of this parallel link. If Base Depth for Base Layer Type 2 is not 0 AND the material type of Base Layer Type 2 is 1 ¼" Agg, then this additional link is not inserted and all base course links extend to the intersection with the shoulder foreslope link. All base course links follow the slope of the Select Subbase Surface, except the optional link that runs parallel to the shoulder foreslope when Base Layer 2 material is 3" Agg. FDM 14-5-01 contains further information about base course material types in WisDOT shoulders.

Methods of determining paved and unpaved shoulder slopes

When a Fixed Slope is used in the Paved Shoulder SE Method and/or UnPaved Shoulder SE Method, the following logic is followed for calculating the slope of the paved and unpaved portions of the shoulder:

When Paved Shoulder SE Method and/or UnPaved Shoulder SE Method are set to Fixed Slope, the slopes of the paved and unpaved portion of the shoulder are controlled by the inputs for the Fixed Paved Shoulder Slope and/or Fixed UnPaved Shoulder Slope parameters, unless a parameter reference is set for those two values. If a parameter reference is set for Fixed Paved Shoulder Slope and/or Fixed UnPaved Shoulder Slope, then the adjacent lane's pavement slope (read in by parameter reference) is used to override the Fixed Slope values.

If input values for the Fixed Paved Shoulder Slope and/or Fixed UnPaved Shoulder Slope parameters are greater than the "calculated adjacent lane slope" then Fixed Paved Shoulder Slope and/or Fixed UnPaved Shoulder Slope are overridden and the new values are set equal to "calculated adjacent lane slope". Method to Obtain Slope of Adjacent Lane for Rollover Calculation input parameter is used to determine "calculated adjacent lane slope" value. This logic ensures that travel lanes' cross slopes are not steeper than shoulder cross slopes in superelevated sections.

Rollover consideration

When Paved Shoulder SE Method is set to Fixed Slope, the paved shoulder slope value can be overridden by Rollover considerations. If the algebraic difference between Fixed Paved Shoulder Slope value and "calculated adjacent lane slope" exceeds the Max Rollover Rate then the Fixed Paved Shoulder Slope value will be overridden and paved shoulder slope is calculated so that the algebraic difference between paved shoulder slope value and "calculated adjacent lane slope" equals the Max Rollover Rate. Method to Obtain Slope of Adjacent Lane for Rollover Calculation input parameter is used to determine "calculated adjacent lane slope" value. Example #1 rollover exceeded scenario:

• Paved Shoulder SE Method = Fixed Slope
• UnPaved Shoulder SE Method = Match Paved Shoulder Slope
• Fixed Paved Shoulder Slope = -4.0%
• Method to Obtain Slope of Adjacent Lane for Rollover Calculation = Use Outside Lane SE
• Baseline Outside Lane SE = 5.0%
• Max Rollover Rate = 7.0%

In example #1 scenario the Fixed Paved Shoulder Slope value is overridden by Rollover considerations because the algebraic difference between Fixed Paved Shoulder Slope value and "calculated adjacent lane slope" exceeds the Max Rollover Rate. (5% -(-4%)) = 9%; 9% > 7%.A new paved shoulder slope will be calculated by the subassembly to be (Calculated Adjacent Lane Slope) – (Max Rollover Rate) = 5% - 7% = -2%.Unpaved shoulder slope will also = -2% because it must match the paved shoulder slope.

When UnPaved Shoulder SE Method is set to Fixed Slope, the Fixed UnPaved Shoulder Slope can be overridden by Rollover considerations. After paved shoulder slope value is determined, if the algebraic difference between paved shoulder slope value and Fixed UnPaved Shoulder Slope exceeds the Max Rollover Rate then the Fixed UnPaved Shoulder Slope value will be overridden and unpaved shoulder slope value is calculated so that the algebraic difference between paved shoulder slope value and unpaved shoulder slope equals the Max Rollover Rate. Example #2 rollover exceeded scenario (integral shoulder pavement):

• Paved Shoulder SE Method = Outside Lane SE
• UnPaved Shoulder SE Method = Fixed Slope
• Baseline Outside Lane SE = 6.0%
• Fixed UnPaved Shoulder Slope = -4.0%
• Max Rollover Rate = 7.0%

In example #2 scenario the Fixed UnPaved Shoulder Slope value is overridden by Rollover considerations because the algebraic difference between Fixed UnPaved Shoulder Slope value and paved shoulder slope value exceeds the Max Rollover Rate. (6% -(-4%)) = 10%; 10% > 7%.A new unpaved shoulder slope will be calculated by the subassembly to be (paved shoulder slope) – (Max Rollover Rate) = 6% - 7% = -1%.

When Fixed Slope is not used in the Paved Shoulder SE Method and/or UnPaved Shoulder SE Method, the following logic is followed for calculating the slope of the paved and unpaved portions of the shoulder:

• When Paved Shoulder SE Method and/or UnPaved Shoulder SE Method are set toUse Inside Shoulder SE or Use Outside Shoulder SE, the slopes of the paved and unpaved portion of the shoulder are controlled by the shoulder SE rates defined for the baseline alignment.If no shoulder SE rates are defined for the baseline alignment, slopes values are defined by the Fixed Paved Shoulder Slope and Fixed UnPaved Shoulder Slope inputs.

• When Paved Shoulder SE Method and/or UnPaved Shoulder SE Method are set to Use Inside Lane SE or Use Outside Lane SE, the slopes of the paved and unpaved portion of the shoulder are controlled by the lane SE rates defined for the baseline alignment.If no lane SE rates are defined for the baseline alignment, slopes values are defined by the Fixed Paved Shoulder Slope and Fixed UnPaved Shoulder Slope inputs.

• When Match Paved Shoulder Slope is used for UnPaved Shoulder SE Method the slope of the Unpaved portion of shoulder will always be set equal to the Paved Shoulder Slope (as determined by Paved Shoulder SE Method and accompanying logic).

Select subbase surface slope

The slope of the bottom of the select subbase surface is controlled by the Subgrade SE Method parameter. User has the option of entering a fixed slope to be used, following the insertion side Outside Lane SE defined for the baseline alignment, following the insertion side Inside Lane SE defined for the baseline alignment, using the Outside Lane SE defined for the baseline on the opposite side which is then multiplied by -1.0, using the Inside Lane SE defined for the baseline on the opposite side which is then multiplied by -1.0, matching paved shoulder slope as determined by Paved Shoulder SE Method, or matching unpaved shoulder slope as determined by UnPaved Shoulder SE Method. When Subgrade SE Method is set to Fixed Slope, this slope is obtained from input parameter Fixed Subgrade Slope which can be controlled using a Parameter Reference that sets the slope equal to that of the subgrade surface of an adjacent lane. In all situations, the slope of all base course surfaces are parallel the slope of the select subbase surface (subgrade).

It is possible that the subassembly inputs create a situation in which the bottom of Base Layer Type 2 surface intersects with shoulder top surface prior to the shoulder hinge point, if the shoulder is wide enough. In this case a message will be written to the event viewer, the base course slopes will hold their value, and the Paved Shoulder Slope and UnPaved Shoulder Slope will be adjusted to intersect the subgrade link at the width determined by Total Shoulder Width. This concept is shown below:

Constant width of subgrade

If Maintain Constant Width is set to ‘False', the Foreslope of Shoulder input will be used to determine shoulder foreslope during superelevated sections and the Width of Subgrade will vary.

If Maintain Constant Width is set to ‘True', then the Width of Subgrade, measured horizontally from the attachment point to the subgrade shoulder point, is computed based on Subgrade Slope For Constant Width Calc, Paved Shoulder Slope For Constant Width Calc, UnPaved Shoulder Slope For Constant Width Calc, Paved Shoulder Width, Total Top Shoulder Width, pavement and base layer depths, and Foreslope of Shoulder. The Width of Subgrade is then held constant through superelevated sections, and the Foreslope of the Shoulder parameter is ignored in these sections.

If targets are established for Paved Shoulder Width or Total Top Shoulder Width then the width values retrieved from those targets will be used in the constant Width of Subgrade calculations and the user inputs for Paved Shoulder Width and Total Top Shoulder Width are ignored.

The calculation and corresponding reference diagram used to determine constant Width of Subgrade are shown here:

To compute constant width of subgrade

Unpaved Shoulder Width = (Total Shoulder Width) – (Paved Shoulder Width)

Z Value = (Base Depth) + ((UnPaved Shoulder Width * UnPaved Shoulder Slope For Constant Width Calc) + (Paved Shoulder Width * Paved Shoulder Slope For Constant Width Calc) – (Subgrade Slope For Constant Width Calc * Total Shoulder Width))

Width of Subgrade (Width From Point A to Point B) =

(Total Shoulder Width) + (-1) * ((Z Value) / (Foreslope of Shoulder – Subgrade Slope For Constant Width Calc))

Base Depth for this subassembly is equal to Pavement Height of Adjacent Lane + Base Depth for 1 ¼" Base + Base Depth for Base Layer Type 2.

Example constant Width of Subgrade calculation:

For the following condtions:

• Paved Shoulder Width = 4 ft
• Total Top Shoulder Width = 10 ft
• Paved Shoulder Slope For Constant Width Calc, = -4%
• UnPaved Shoulder Slope For Constant Width Calc, = -4%
• Subgrade Slope For Constant Width Calc = -2%
• Foreslope of Shoulder = 4:1
• Base Depth (bottom of base layer type 2) = 2 ft.

• No targets set for Paved Shoulder Width or Total Top Shoulder Width.

Z = (2) + ((6*(-0.04) + (4*(-0.04)) – ((-0.02)*10)

= (2) + ((-.24) + (-.16)) – (-.2)

= 2 - .4 + .2

Z = 1.8

 

Width of Subgrade= (10) + (-1) * (1.8)/((-.25) – (-.02))

= (10) + (-1) * (1.8)/(-.23)

= (10) + (-1)*(-7.826)

Width of Subgrade= 17.826

Select subbase

The Select Subbase Surface is drawn at a width defined by Distance to Select Subbase End. If this parameter is set to 0 ft., the distance used will be equal to the Total Top Shoulder Width parameter. To close the bottom of the Select Subbase surface, the Slope of the Subbase Closure Link is used to define the slope of the link that extends upward to the intersection with the bottom of the Base Surface.

When Show Select Subbase Foreslope is True, then the select subbase foreslope is drawn, extending from the subgrade shoulder point at a slope defined by the Foreslope of Select Subgrade Portion of Shoulder to the intersection with a temporary projection of the bottom of the Select Subbase surface.

The attachment point is at the inside edge of the paved shoulder, which is typically at the outside edge of the traveled way.

In layout mode, this subassembly displays the links comprising the shoulder for a normal crown roadway situation, using default top shoulder slopes and select subbase surface slopes.

Info: All dimensions are in feet unless otherwise noted. All slopes are in run-over-rise form (for example, 4:1) unless indicated as a percent slope with a "%" sign.

Parameter	Description	Type	Default
Side	Specifies which side to place the subassembly.	Left/Right	Right
Maintain Constant Width	Specifies whether the foreslope will vary to maintain a constant Width of Subgrade. If set to False, the Width of Subgrade will vary and the foreslope slope is maintained; foreslope slope value is determined by user input in the Foreslope of Shoulder input parameter. If set to True the Width of Subgrade value is maintained and the foreslope slope will vary; method for calculating Width of Subgrade is described in the Behavior Section.	True/False	True
Pavement Height	Depth of Shoulder Pavement measured from the attachment point down.	Numeric, Positive	4 inches
Pavement Depth of Adjacent Lane	Depth of the pavement on the lane adjacent to shoulder.This depth defines the depth to the bottom of Base Layer Type 1.Value cannot be 0.Value can be set with a parameter reference.	Numeric, Positive, non-zero	6 inches
Base Depth for 1 ¼" Base	Distance to the bottom of the 1 ¼" Aggregate base course layer, shown as dimension B in the diagram. This distance is measured down from the attachment point. If this parameter is equal to the Depth to Select Subbase parameter, no Base Type 2 Layer or Subbase Layer will be included. If there is no 1 ¼" base course layer, a zero depth should be specified. Value can be set with a Parameter Reference.	Numeric, Positive	0 ft.
Base Depth for Base Layer Type 2	Distance to the bottom of the Base Type 2 base course layer, shown as Dimension C in the diagram. This distance is measured down from the attachment point. If this parameter is equal to the Depth to Select Subbase parameter, no Subbase Layer will be included. If there is no Base Layer Type 2 base course layer, a zero depth should be specified. Value can be set with a parameter reference.	Numeric, Positive	0 ft.
Base Course Type 2 Material	Type of material to use in the Base Type 2 Layer. If the material specified here is 3" Agg, then the top 3" of base course on the foreslope, from the bottom of Base Layer Type 1 to the subgrade shoulder point, will contain ¾" Aggregate. If 1 ¼" Agg is selected, then base course layers extend all the way to the intersection with the foreslope link.	List of options: a.) 1 ¼" Agg, b.) 3" Agg	1 ¼" Agg
Depth to Select Subbase	Distance to the top of the Subgrade Surface, also the bottom of the Select Subbase. This measurement is taken from the top of the pavement. A zero depth is not allowed.	Numeric, Positive, non-zero	2.0 ft.
Paved Shoulder Width	Width of the paved portion of the Shoulder.	Numeric, Positive	8.0 ft.
Total Top Shoulder Width	Total width of the shoulder from the attachment point to the shoulder hinge point.Total Top Shoulder Width must be greater than or equal to Paved Shoulder width.	Numeric, Positive	10.0 ft.
Paved Shoulder SE Method	Specifies whether the top surface of the paved shoulder should use SE rates defined for the baseline alignment if it exists, or a Fixed Value.	List of options: a.) Fixed Slope, b.) Use Outside Lane SE c.) Use Inside Lane SE d.) Use Outside Shoulder SE, e.) Use Inside Shoulder SE	Use Outside Shoulder SE
UnPaved Shoulder SE Method	Specifies whether the top surface of the unpaved shoulder should use SE rates defined for the baseline alignment if it exists, or a Fixed Value. If Match Paved Shoulder Slope is used, all other considerations are ignored and the slope of the UnPaved top surface of the shoulder will equal the slope of the Paved portion as determined by Paved Shoulder SE Method.	List of options: a.) Fixed Slope, b.) Use Outside Lane SE c.) Use Inside Lane SE d.) Use Outside Shoulder SE, e.) Use Inside Shoulder SE, f.) Match Paved Shoulder Slope	Match Paved Shoulder Slope
Fixed Paved Shoulder Slope	Cross slope of the paved shoulder surface. This value is used in if Paved Shoulder SE Method is set to Fixed Slope, or if superelevation is not defined for the baseline alignment.Value can be set using a parameter reference.	Slope	-4.0%
Fixed UnPaved Shoulder Slope	Cross slope of the UnPaved shoulder surface. This value is used in if UnPaved Shoulder SE Method is set to Fixed Slope, or if superelevation is not defined for the baseline alignment. Value can be set using a parameter reference.	Slope	-4.0%
Foreslope of Shoulder	Slope of the Foreslope of the shoulder which extends from the Shoulder Hinge Point to the Subgrade Shoulder Point. If Maintain Constant Width set to ‘False', the Foreslope specified here is maintained in superelevated sections. If Maintain Constant Width is set "True" then this value will be used to calculate the Width of Subgrade value but it will not be the foreslope slope in superelevated sections.	Slope, Positive	4:1
Foreslope of Select Subbase Portion of Shoulder	Slope of link inserted after the foreslope link.To compute the end point of this link, the subbase surface is theoretically extended to the intersection with this foreslope link.No links are inserted as part of the subbase surface projection.	Slope, Positive	4:1
Show Select Subbase Foreslope	The insertion of the select subbase foreslope link, which is the foreslope link inserted after the Subgrade Shoulder Point, can be avoided by setting this parameter to False.	True/False	False
Distance to Select Subbase End	Defines the distance to the end of the select subbase surface, measured horizontally from the attachment point.If a value of 0 is entered, the distance will be set equal to the Total Top Shoulder Width.	Numeric, Positive	10 ft
Slope of Subbase Closure Link	Slope of link that extends upward from the end point of the bottom of the Select Subbase surface to the intersection with the bottom of the Base link.	Slope, Positive	0:1
Subgrade SE Method	Specifies the method used to determine the slope of the bottom of the select subbase surface. Use the Opposite Side SE Multiplied by -1.0, results in the bottom of the select subbase surface slope being equal to Superelevation Slope defined for the baseline on the side opposite the insertion side, multiplied by -1.0.If Match Paved Shoulder Slope or Match UnPaved Shoulder Slope is selected, the Subgrade will be parallel to the top of shoulder surface as determined by Paved Shoulder SE Method or UnPaved Shoulder SE Method.	String, Combo List of options: a.) Use Outside Lane SE, b.) Use Inside Lane SE, c.) Use the Opposite Side Outside Lane SE Multiplied by -1.0, d.) Use the Opposite Side Inside Lane SE Multiplied by -1.0, e.) Fixed Slope, f.)Match Paved Shoulder Slope, g.)Match UnPaved Shoulder Slope	Use Outside Lane SE
Fixed Subgrade Slope	Fixed cross slope of the bottom of the select subbase surface. This value is used if Fixed Slope is selected as the Subgrade SE Method or superelevation is not specified for the baseline alignment.	Slope	-2%
Max Rollover Rate	Value is used to limit the maximum algebraic difference between the slope of the Paved or Unpaved Shoulder surfaces and the slope of the adjacent travel lane, also is used to limit the algebraic difference between the slope of the Paved Shoulder and UnPaved Shoulder surfaces.Rollover based shoulder rotation in superelevated sections is described in the Behavior section.	Slope	7%
Method to Obtain Slope of Adjacent Lane for Rollover Calculation	Specifies the method to use to determine the slope of the adjacent lane.When using Outside or Inside Lane SE of the insertion side, or the opposite side SE multiplied by -1.0, the SE rate that is used is that which is defined for the baseline.Fixed Slope will automatically be used when no baseline SE is defined.	String, Combo List of options: a.) Use Outside Lane SE, b.) Use Inside Lane SE, c.) Use the Opposite Side Outside Lane SE Multiplied by -1.0, d.) Use the Opposite Side Inside Lane SE Multiplied by -1.0, e.) Fixed Slope	Fixed Slope
Fixed Slope of Adjacent Lane for Rollover Calculation	Slope value to be used when calculating rollover and Method to Obtain Slope of Adjacent Lane is set to Fixed Slope. Value can (and should) be set by a parameter reference.	Slope	-2%
Subgrade Slope For Constant Width Calc	Slope value of the Subgrade surface during Normal Crown situations.This value is used for the sole purpose of computing a constant subgrade width value, it has no effect on the actual subgrade surface slope.	Slope	-2%
Paved Shoulder Slope For Constant Width Calc	Slope value of the Paved Shoulder surface during Normal Crown situations.This value is used for the sole purpose of computing a constant subgrade width value, it has no effect on the actual Paved Shoulder surface slope.	Slope	-4%
UnPaved Shoulder Slope For Constant Width Calc	Slope value of the UnPaved Shoulder surface during Normal Crown situations.This value is used for the sole purpose of computing a constant subgrade width value, it has no effect on the actual UnPaved Shoulder surface slope.	Slope	-4%

This section lists the parameters in this subassembly that can be mapped to one or more target objects, such as a surface, alignment, or profile object in a drawing.

Parameter	Description	Status
Paved Shoulder Width	Object that defines the horizontal location of the edge of the paved portion of the shoulder.The following object types can be used as targets for specifying the width:alignments, polylines, feature lines, or survey features.	Optional
Total Top Shoulder Width	Object that defines the horizontal location of the shoulder hinge point.The following object types can be used as targets for specifying the width:alignments, polylines, feature lines, or survey features.	Optional
Distance to Select Subgrade End	Object that defines the horizontal location of the end of the select subgrade surface.The following object types can be used as targets for specifying the width:alignments, polylines, feature lines, or survey features.	Optional

Parameter	Description	Type
Shoulder Foreslope	Slope of the link from the hinge point to the subgrade shoulder point.	Slope

Point/Link/Shape	Codes	Description
P2	EPS	Edge of paved shoulder, finish grade
P3	ES_Unpaved	Edge of gravel Shoulder; outer edge of unpaved portions of shoulder on finished grade.
P5	EPS_Base	Edge of paved shoulder on the Base1 Layer
P7	ES_Base	Edge of shoulder on Base1 Layer
P9	ES_Base1
P11	SGSP	Subgrade Shoulder
P12	SGSP2	Foreslope extension point
P14	Daylight_Sub
P15	SUBG_Int
P16	ES_Base2	Edge of paved shoulder on Base2 Layer
L1	Top PaveShld	Finish grade of the shoulder
L3	Base
L4	Base
L5	Top Base	Top of the first base layer; surface always exists
L6	Top Base
L7	Top Base1	Top of the 1 ¼" base course layer.
L8	Top Base1B	Top of the Base Type 2 Layer; this is an optional layer
L9	Top Base2	Top of the Subbase Layer; this is an optional layer
L10	Base1
L11	Base1B
L12	Base2
L13	Datum Subbase SUBG	Top of the Subgrade or Datum
L14	Base1
L15	Base1B
L16	Datum Subbase SUBG
S1	Pave1_Shoulder
S2	Base
S3	Base1
S4	Base2
S5	Select_Subbase
S6	Base